Sbarcato in Colombia mi sono subito messo alla ricerca di
qualche avventura nella natura selvaggia di questo continente. Tutti i
suggerimenti mi hanno indirizzato verso il trekking per la città perduta tra le
montagne del massiccio costiero più alto del mondo, Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta (5.000m). Questo cammino non è percorribile in solitaria ma solo
attraverso ad agenzie locali che hanno i permessi dalle organizzazioni del
governo, degli indigeni e degli abitanti della zona. Quindi mi sono aggregato
ad un gruppo di escursionisti internazionali e devo ammettere che dopo tutto
questo tempo in solitaria ho apprezzato un po’ di compagnia. In ogni caso durante il tragitto ognuno manteneva il
suo ritmo personale e la maggior parte l’ho percorso in solitaria godendomi il
silenzio e i rumori della natura. 5 giorni di cammino per raggiungere la città
perduta e tornare percorrendo in tutto quasi 50 chilometri.
La prima giornata non ha regalato particolari sensazioni, si
iniziano ad attraversare i primi quieti ruscelli e si sale attraverso colline
che mostrano la ricca vegetazione del parco naturale. Un gran calore e tanto
sudore dovuti al clima umido della foresta che è condizionato da mattinate
soleggiate e pomeriggi piovosi. La notte è chiara per la luna piena, nonostante
le nubi cerchino di oscurare il suo splendore, e, quando gli altri si sono
ritanati tutti nell’amaca a dormire, io mi sono goduto un’oretta ad osservare
la foresta illuminata affascinato dal suo richiamo.
Il giorno seguente risveglio all’alba e un compagno
colombiano mi mostra un particolare fiore bianco che cresce capovolto. Si
chiama borrachero, meglio noto come stramonio o pianta del diavolo, contiene la
scopolamina e se fatto seccare e bevuto in una tisana si trasforma in una droga
potentissima che porta a stati di delirio e allucinazioni forti arrivando a
creare amnesia. Può anche diventare mortale se utilizzato in dosi eccessive. In
Colombia e in altri paesi viene anche utilizzato per compiere rapine, lo si
introduce nel bicchiere della vittima causandogli un alterazione di coscienza che
lo porta a compiere atti incontrollati e può essere convinto a consegnare
denaro, carta di credito e codici vari.
Dopo la lezione sul fiore magico si torna in cammino tra
sali e scendi finchè ci fermiamo nei pressi di un villaggio indigeno, Mutanyi,
recintato con il filo spinato in cui è proibito l’ingresso. Le case rotonde,
hanno un pavimento in terra battuta, le pareti di legno e il tetto di paglia.
Si notano diverse piante di coca che gli indigeni masticano da millenni mischiando le sue foglie con calce, o
conchiglie marine bruciate, per separare l’alcaloide attivo dalla foglia, attraverso uno strumento di legno a forma di pera
chiamato poporo per alleviare la fame e la
stanchezza. Gli indigeni, raggiunti i diciotto anni, trascorrono 4 giorni senza
dormire con il mamo (sciamano) con cui si confessano. Il mamo, per sapere se dicono
la verità, prepara una bacinella d’acqua ponendole all’interno del quarzo che
creerà delle bollicine. In base al verso in cui girano le bollicine sa se il
giovane sta mentendo o no, se girano a destra sta dicendo la verità se no sta
mentendo e prosegue la confessione. Al termine riceve il poporo e una donna a
scelta del mamo. Nel villaggio gli indigeni non si mostrano facilmente, solo i
bambini ci corrono incontro curiosi. Tuttavia lungo il percorso si ha modo di
incontrarli più volte armati di machete per la legna o fucile per la caccia.
Sono caratterialmente schivi e riservati, raramente si lasciano fotografare. Il
loro viso è un misto tra etnie sudamericane e asiatiche. Hanno vestiti lunghi
bianchi di stoffa e stivali. Hanno una lingua personale e alcuni conoscono
anche lo spagnolo anche per via della collaborazione con gli accampamenti per
turisti nell’area.
Poco prima di arrivare al secondo accampamento ci godiamo
una pausa con un bagno in un delizioso e fresco torrente e mi accorgo che
nell’ultimo bagno in un ruscello le mie caviglie sono state divorate da un gruppo di flebotomi – ho contato una cinquantina di morsi per caviglia e nei giorni
seguenti erano entrambe gonfie perché hanno avuto una reazione infiammatoria. Una volta
a destinazione notiamo un gruppo di militari che ha terminato il turno di
guardia di 3 mesi alla città perduta e sta tornando verso il centro abitato.
Armati fino ai denti tanto da essere inquietanti, ma poi si lasciano andare e
socializzano con noi. Ci raccontano che fino a dieci anni fa questa era un’area
del narcotraffico e si era sviluppato il narcoturismo. Gli accampamenti dove
abbiamo dormito erano per turisti che venivano ad imparare a preparare la
cocaina. Ma con l’intervento militare il parco fu ripulito e si sviluppò
l’ecoturismo di questi giorni.
La terza giornata rappresenta l’ingresso nella vera jungla
selvaggia, come mai l’avevo incontrata, e verdissima per via della sua umidità.
Mentre la percorrevo tra tratti di fanghiglia e scivolose pietre umide
avvertivo un’energia così straordinaria che la camminata aumentava di ritmo
senza più avvertire la fatica. L’ultimo tratto, risalendo un torrente, ha
assunto uno scenario favolosamente grezzo. Si attraversano immensi tronchi, che
sbarrano la via tra le rocce in cui si infrangono graziose cascate. Ed ecco
quello stato d’animo che solo Madre Natura sa donarti quando ti mostra la sua
profonda essenza e bellezza. Pace interiore e serenità assoluta, come se non ci
fosse bisogno di null’altro per vivere. Sentirsi all’origine e alla fine, del
misterioso viaggio chiamato “vita”, allo stesso tempo.
Ed ecco il quarto e grande giorno, la città perduta dista
solo un chilometro. Si prosegue lungo il torrente ed inizia una lunga scalinata
scivolosa di circa 1300 scalini. Le prime rovine sono le basi rotonde, formate
da pietre tagliate da un tipo di roccia chiamato metamorfosi, di alcune case.
Continuano gli scalini finchè si raggiunge la cima della città collocata su una
montagna al centro di una valle con un panorama favoloso. Il popolo Tayrona ha
abitato questo luogo per un millennio fino al 1600. La guerra con gli spagnoli,
che non raggiunsero mai la città, e a causa di malattie si estinsero
abbandonando un immensa ricchezza di oro e quarzo fino al 1974 quando un
cacciatore colombiano per caso scoprì il tesoro per cui poi venne assassinato.
Si trattava di una popolazione indigena che seguiva gli insegnamenti di uno
sciamano, gli dei venivano rappresentati tramite rappresentazioni di animali e
i vestiti creati da pellicce animali.
Terminata la visita ho intrapreso la via lunga via del ritorno.
Due giorni di cammino, 23 chilometri, affrontando una fitta pioggia e momenti
di estremo calore solare. Galvanizzato dall’atmosfera della jungla ho percorso
tutto il cammino in solitaria ad un ritmo elevato godendo di altri bagni nei
torrenti ma soprattutto di un infinità di energia naturale. Ho incontrato un
gruppo di bambini indigeni che mi osservavano lontani curiosi ma allo stesso
tempo timidi. All’improvviso li ho sorpresi raggiungendoli di corsa e anche
loro, divertiti, hanno iniziato a correre. La fatica era qualcosa che
apparteneva ad un altro mondo in quel momento c’era la jungla, io e gli
indigeni. Uno si è arreso dopo un breve tratto ma il suo compagno ha continuato
a correre sorridente con me per un po’. Quando abbiamo rallentato riprendendo
la camminata si è aperto e abbiamo iniziato una conversazione con le poche
parole che lui conosceva di spagnolo. Si chiamava Besinte, aveva nove anni e
stava raggiungendo un accampamento per ricevere il suo primo machete.
Verso sera torno alla civiltà, do un’occhiata ai quotidiani
italiani concentrati su temi come il Pil, l’Imu, l’eurogruppo, un’unione
bancaria e lo scudo antispread. Oltre ad avvertire una forte nausea, mi
convinco sempre di più su quanto l’uomo sia regredito. Le popolazioni indigene
vanno protette perché rappresentano
la specie umana più evoluta.
After landing in Colombia I immediately started looking for adventure in the wild nature of this continent. All the advice I had received made me decide to hike to the “Lost City”, located in the highest coast mountain range of the world, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (5000m). This trek can’t be done solo, but only through local agencies that have permits from organisations of the government, the indigenous people and the inhabitants of the area. So I joined an international group of hikers and I must say that after all the time spent alone I enjoyed a bit of company. Still, while hiking, everybody went at their own pace and I walked most of the trail alone enjoying the silence and sounds of nature. I walked for five days to reach and return from the “Lost City”, for a total of almost fifty kilometres.
The first day wasn’t all that special, as we crossed the first quiet streams and climbed the lush hills in this natural park. The sunny mornings and rainy afternoons meant the was air very hot and humid and made us sweat a lot. At night the full moon illuminated the surroundings, despite clouds trying to cover its beauty and when everybody had gone to sleep I stayed up for another hour, mesmerised by the moonlit forest.
The next day I woke at dawn and a Colombian trekker showed me a particular white flower that grows upside down. The flower is called “Borrachero”, better known as thorn-apple, and contains scopolamine. If dried and drunk in an infusion it becomes a very powerful drug that causes temporary madness, hallucinations and sometimes amnesia. If the dose is too high it can even kill. In Colombia and other countries this is also used to rob a person by putting it in the victim’s drink: the victim will end up having an altered state of mind and can be convinced to give up his money, credit card and various access codes.
After being lesson on the magic flower, we carried on hiking until we reached the village of Mutanyi, which is surrounded by barbed wire and entry is forbidden. The round houses have floors made of earth, wooden walls and thatched roofs. Coca plants grow there and the locals have chewed and mixed the leaves with lime or burnt seashells for generations, using a wooden pear-shaped instrument called a “poporo” to extract the active alcaloid whose effect is to alleviate hunger and fatigue. When the local boys turn eighteen they spend four days without sleep with the “mamo” (shaman) who they confess to. The “mamo” knows whether they are telling the truth by preparing a bowl of water and putting in some quartz, which creates bubbles: if the bubbles turn to the right it means that the truth has been told. At the end they receive a “poporo” and a woman chosen by the “mamo”. In the village the locals are not very forward, and only the children come running out of curiosity to see trekkers. All the same, while trekking we did see grown ups armed with machetes for chopping wood or rifles for hunting. They are shy and reserved and rarely allow their photographs to be taken. They look like a mix between South American and Asian ethnic groups and wear boots and long white clothes. They have their own language even though some speak Spanish because they collaborate with the tourist campsites in the area.
Just before reaching the second campsite we had a break and enjoyed a dip in a cool stream. I had noticed the previous time I had done this that my ankles were bitten about fifty times by sandflies and had swollen up due to an inflammatory reaction. On reaching our destination we saw a group of soldiers returning to town after finishing their three-month stint of guarding the “Lost City”. They were armed to the teeth and we felt uneasy but they just wanted to socialize with us. They told us that until ten years ago there had been a lot of drug dealing going on and a drug-based tourism had developed, and the campsites we slept at used by tourists who had come to learn to prepare cocaine. After the army intervened the area was reclaimed and now ecotourism has replaced drug tourism.
The third day we entered the real wild jungle, something I had never seen, really lush thanks to its humidity. As I walked through mud and over slippery stones I felt such an extraordinary energy that I speeded up my pace without becoming tired. By the time we got to the last part of the trail that went up a torrent, the landscape had become very primal. We went over huge tree trunks that blocked the rocks on which waterfalls crash. And this is when you feel the way only Mother Nature can make you feel when she shows her profound essence and beauty: interior peace and absolute serenity, as if nothing else was needed to live, making you feel both at the beginning and the end of this mysterious journey called life.
Then, finally, the fourth great day with the “Lost City” only a kilometre away. We continued along the torrent and made it to a long slippery stairway of about 1300 steps. The first ruins are the round-shaped foundations in metamorphic rock of some buildings. Carrying on up the steps led us to the top of the city on a mountain in the centre of a valley with tremendous views. The Tayrona people lived here for a thousand years, until the seventeenth century. They were an indigenous population led by a shaman, their gods were represented with animal symbols and their clothes made from animal hides. The Tayrona were wiped out by diseases and the war against the Spanish (who never made it as far as the city), but they left an enormous wealth of gold and quartz. This treasure was discovered by chance in 1974 by a Colombian hunter who was then murdered.
In the evening I returned to civilization, checked out some Italian news websites talking about GDP, Property Tax, Eurogroup, banking union and anti-spread shield. I feel nauseated and I’m even more convinced that mankind has regressed. The indigenous peoples must be protected as they are the last evolved human species.
la specie umana più evoluta.
After landing in Colombia I immediately started looking for adventure in the wild nature of this continent. All the advice I had received made me decide to hike to the “Lost City”, located in the highest coast mountain range of the world, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (5000m). This trek can’t be done solo, but only through local agencies that have permits from organisations of the government, the indigenous people and the inhabitants of the area. So I joined an international group of hikers and I must say that after all the time spent alone I enjoyed a bit of company. Still, while hiking, everybody went at their own pace and I walked most of the trail alone enjoying the silence and sounds of nature. I walked for five days to reach and return from the “Lost City”, for a total of almost fifty kilometres.
The first day wasn’t all that special, as we crossed the first quiet streams and climbed the lush hills in this natural park. The sunny mornings and rainy afternoons meant the was air very hot and humid and made us sweat a lot. At night the full moon illuminated the surroundings, despite clouds trying to cover its beauty and when everybody had gone to sleep I stayed up for another hour, mesmerised by the moonlit forest.
The next day I woke at dawn and a Colombian trekker showed me a particular white flower that grows upside down. The flower is called “Borrachero”, better known as thorn-apple, and contains scopolamine. If dried and drunk in an infusion it becomes a very powerful drug that causes temporary madness, hallucinations and sometimes amnesia. If the dose is too high it can even kill. In Colombia and other countries this is also used to rob a person by putting it in the victim’s drink: the victim will end up having an altered state of mind and can be convinced to give up his money, credit card and various access codes.
After being lesson on the magic flower, we carried on hiking until we reached the village of Mutanyi, which is surrounded by barbed wire and entry is forbidden. The round houses have floors made of earth, wooden walls and thatched roofs. Coca plants grow there and the locals have chewed and mixed the leaves with lime or burnt seashells for generations, using a wooden pear-shaped instrument called a “poporo” to extract the active alcaloid whose effect is to alleviate hunger and fatigue. When the local boys turn eighteen they spend four days without sleep with the “mamo” (shaman) who they confess to. The “mamo” knows whether they are telling the truth by preparing a bowl of water and putting in some quartz, which creates bubbles: if the bubbles turn to the right it means that the truth has been told. At the end they receive a “poporo” and a woman chosen by the “mamo”. In the village the locals are not very forward, and only the children come running out of curiosity to see trekkers. All the same, while trekking we did see grown ups armed with machetes for chopping wood or rifles for hunting. They are shy and reserved and rarely allow their photographs to be taken. They look like a mix between South American and Asian ethnic groups and wear boots and long white clothes. They have their own language even though some speak Spanish because they collaborate with the tourist campsites in the area.
Just before reaching the second campsite we had a break and enjoyed a dip in a cool stream. I had noticed the previous time I had done this that my ankles were bitten about fifty times by sandflies and had swollen up due to an inflammatory reaction. On reaching our destination we saw a group of soldiers returning to town after finishing their three-month stint of guarding the “Lost City”. They were armed to the teeth and we felt uneasy but they just wanted to socialize with us. They told us that until ten years ago there had been a lot of drug dealing going on and a drug-based tourism had developed, and the campsites we slept at used by tourists who had come to learn to prepare cocaine. After the army intervened the area was reclaimed and now ecotourism has replaced drug tourism.
The third day we entered the real wild jungle, something I had never seen, really lush thanks to its humidity. As I walked through mud and over slippery stones I felt such an extraordinary energy that I speeded up my pace without becoming tired. By the time we got to the last part of the trail that went up a torrent, the landscape had become very primal. We went over huge tree trunks that blocked the rocks on which waterfalls crash. And this is when you feel the way only Mother Nature can make you feel when she shows her profound essence and beauty: interior peace and absolute serenity, as if nothing else was needed to live, making you feel both at the beginning and the end of this mysterious journey called life.
Then, finally, the fourth great day with the “Lost City” only a kilometre away. We continued along the torrent and made it to a long slippery stairway of about 1300 steps. The first ruins are the round-shaped foundations in metamorphic rock of some buildings. Carrying on up the steps led us to the top of the city on a mountain in the centre of a valley with tremendous views. The Tayrona people lived here for a thousand years, until the seventeenth century. They were an indigenous population led by a shaman, their gods were represented with animal symbols and their clothes made from animal hides. The Tayrona were wiped out by diseases and the war against the Spanish (who never made it as far as the city), but they left an enormous wealth of gold and quartz. This treasure was discovered by chance in 1974 by a Colombian hunter who was then murdered.
Once we finished our visit, I started making my
way back. It was a two-day walk under downpours and extreme heat, walking fast
and alone, galvanized by the atmosphere of the jungle, enjoying more dips in streams
and feeling the endless energy of nature. I saw a group of shy indigenous
children looking at me with curiosity from a distance. I surprised them by
suddenly running towards them: amused, they started running as well. I had no
perception of physical exertion - at that moment there was only the jungle, the
indigenous people and myself. One of the children stopped running after a short
time but his friend kept running with me for a while, smiling. When we slowed
down to a walk again, we started a conversation even though he knew just a few
words of Spanish. His name was Besinte, he was nine years old and on his way to
a camp to receive his first machete.
In the evening I returned to civilization, checked out some Italian news websites talking about GDP, Property Tax, Eurogroup, banking union and anti-spread shield. I feel nauseated and I’m even more convinced that mankind has regressed. The indigenous peoples must be protected as they are the last evolved human species.
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